DETERMINACIÓN DE PROTOTHECA SPP. EN VACAS EN PRODUCCIÓN EN DOS ZONAS GEOGRÁFICAS DEL ECUADOR/ DETERMINATION OF PROTOTHECA SPP. IN PRODUCING CATTLE IN TWO GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS OF ECUADOR
Resumen
Introducción: Las Prototheca spp., son microalgas presentes en variados hábitats naturales. Se conoce que la mastitis bovina causada por el género Prototheca, puede convertirse en un potencial problema de zoonosis, entre las especies de dicho género Prototheca bovis ha demostrado mayor prevalencia.
Objetivo: El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la presencia de Prototheca spp. en hembras bovinas durante la etapa de producción, en dos zonas geográficas del Ecuador.
Métodos: La investigación se realizó en la parroquia de Machachi (clima frío) y la provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas (clima cálido). Se tomaron 110 muestras procedentes de vacas con mastitis subclínica o clínica, realizándose: a) cultivos microbiológicos, caracterizándose los parámetros (evaluación de la morfología, observación microscópica y determinación de las especies; b) confirmación de identidad mediante técnicas moleculares, con amplificación de los genes cytb y 18S.
Resultados: La provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas resultó ser una zona propicia para la propagación de Prototheca spp., debido a su clima cálido. Se identificó sensibilidad de dicha especie a gentamicina in vitro por difusión en disco y solo dos cepas fueron negativas a glicerol. Molecularmente se identificó a la especie P. bovis, la cual tuvo una incidencia global de 10%. De forma complementaria en Machachi se identificó un microorganismo perteneciente al orden Filobasidiales, el cual tiene capacidad potencial de producir mastitis.
Conclusiones: Quedó demostrado el papel de Prototheca spp., en casos de vacas con mastitis, identificándose la especie P. bovis mediante la secuenciación del gen cytb.
Palabras clave: algas; enfermedad animal; gen; industria lechera; microorganismo
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Prototheca spp., are microalgae present in various natural habitats. It is known that bovine mastitis caused by the Prototheca genus can become a potential zoonosis problem. Among the species of this genus, Prototheca bovis has shown the highest prevalence.
Objective: The objective of this investigation was to determine the presence of Prototheca spp. in female cattle during the production stage, in two geographical areas of Ecuador.
Methods: The research was carried out in the parish of Machachi (cold climate) and the province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas (warm climate). A total of 110 samples were taken from cows with subclinical or clinical mastitis. The following were performed: a) microbiological cultures, characterizing the parameters (evaluation of morphology, microscopic observation and determination of the species; b) confirmation of identity using molecular techniques, with amplification of the cytb and 18S genes.
Results: The province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas proved to be a favorable area for the propagation of Prototheca spp. due to its warm climate. Sensitivity of this species to gentamicin in vitro by disc diffusion was identified and only two strains were negative to glycerol. Molecularly, the species P. bovis was identified, which had a global incidence of 10%. In addition, a microorganism belonging to the order Filobasidiales was identified in Machachi, which has the potential to cause mastitis.
Conclusions: The role of Prototheca spp. in cases of cows with mastitis was demonstrated, identifying the species P. bovis by sequencing of the cytb gene.
Keywords: algae; animal disease; gene; dairy industry; microorganism
Descargas
Citas
Bozzo, G., Dimuccio, M. M., Casalino, G., Ceci, E. & Corrente, M. (2022). New approaches for risk assessment and management of bovine protothecosis. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29(8), 103368. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9283663/
Caiza de la Cueva, F. y Taipe Taipe, M. (2021). El chagra guardián del páramo. Reseña del paisaje cultural del chagra, Machachi, Ecuador. Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar, 5(2), 1359-1385. https://core.ac.uk/outputs/480704162
Cartwright, L. S., Schmied, J., Karrow, N. & Mallard, A. (2023). Impact of heat stress on dairy cattle and selection strategies for thermotolerance: a review. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 10(2), e1769. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10319441/
Crossley, B. M., Bai, J., Glaser, A., Maes, R., Porter, E., Kilian, M. L., Clement, T. & Toohey-Kurth, K. (2020). Guidelines for Sanger sequencing and molecular assay monitoring. Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation, 32(6), 767–775. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7649556/
De la Cueva, F., Naranjo, A., Puga Torres, B. H. y Aragón, E. (2021). Presencia de metales pesados en leche cruda bovina de Machachi, Ecuador. La Granja. Revista de Ciencias de la Vida, 33(1), 21-30. https://lagranja.ups.edu.ec/index.php/granja/article/view/33.2021.02
Dziurzynski, M., Decewicz, P., Iskra, M. Bakula, Z. & Jagielski, T. (2021). Prototheca-ID: a web-based application for molecular identification of Prototheca species. Database, (2), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8607299/
Ely, V. L., Cargnelutti, J. F., Ries, A. S., Gressler, L. T., Costa, S., Henrique Braz, P., Pötter, L., Da Costa, M. M., Da Silva Júnior, F. G., Pequeño de Oliveira, H., Sangioni, L. A., Brayer Pereira, D. I. & Ávila Botton, S. de (2023). Prototheca bovis in goats: experimental mastitis and treatment with polypyrrole. Microbial Pathogenesis, 174(1), e105950. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36528325/
Fadda, M., Pisano, M., Scaccabarozzi, L., Mossa, V., Deplano, V., Moroni, P., Liciardi, M. & Cosentino, S. (2013). Use of PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for identification of yeast species isolated from bovine intramammary infection. Journal of Dairy science, 96(12), 7692–7697. https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(13)00690-5/pdf
Hodac, L., Hallmann, C., Spitzer, K., Elster, J., Fabhauer, F., Brinkmann, N., Lepka, D., Diwan, V. & Friedl, T. (2016). Widespread green algae Chlorella and Stichococcus exhibit polar-temperate and tropical-temperate biogeography. FEMS microbiology ecology, 92(8), 122. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27279416/
Huilca Ibarra, M., Vasco-Julio, D., Ledesma, Y., Guerrero-Freire, S., Zurita, J., Castillejo, P., Barceló Blasco, F., Yánez, L., Changoluisa, D., Echeverría, G., Bastidas-Caldes, C. & Waard, J. H. de (2022). High Prevalence of Prototheca bovis Infection in Dairy Cattle with Chronic Mastitis in Ecuador. Veterinary Sciences, 9(12), e659. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/36548820/
Jagielski, T., Bakuła, Z., Gawor, J., Maciszewski, K., Kusber, W. H., Dyląg, M., Nowakowska, J., Gromadka, R. & Karnkowska, A. (2019). The genus Prototheca (Trebouxiophyceae, chlorophyta) revisited: Implications from Molecular Taxonomic studies. Algal Research, 43, 101639. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=183676
Jagielski, T., Gawor, J., Bakula, Z., Decewicz, P., Maciszewski, K. & KarnsKowska. (2018). Cytb as a New Genetic Marker for Differentiation of Prototheca Species. Journal of clinical microbiology, 56(10), e00584-18. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6156311/
Jagielski, T., Krukowski, H., Bochniarz, M., Piech, T., Roeske, K., Bakuła, Z., Wlazlo, L. & Woch, P. (2019). Prevalence of Prototheca spp. on dairy farms in Poland – a cross-country study. Journal of dairy Science, 12(3), 556-566. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6465227/
Khaw, Y. S., Mun- Hoe Khong, N., Azmi Shaharuddin, N. A. & Md Yusoff, F. (2020). A simple 18S rDNA approach for the identification of cultured eukaryotic microalgae with an emphasis on primers. Journal Microbiol Methods, 72(1), e105890. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32179080/
Libisch, B., Picot, C., Ceballos-Garzón, A., Moravkova, M., Klimesová, M., Telkes, G., Chuang, S. T. & Le Pape, P. (2022). Prototheca Infections and Ecology from a One Health Perspective. Microorganisms, 10(5), e938. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9144699/
Milanov, D., Petrović, T., Polaček, V., Suvajdžić, L. & Bojkovski, J. (2016). Mastitis associated with Prototheca zopfii - an emerging health and economic problem on dairy farms. Journal of Veterinary Research, 60(4), 373-378. https://vet-erinar.vet.bg.ac.rs/bitstream/handle/123456789/1414/1413.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Park, H. S., Moon, D Ch., Hyun, B. H. & Lim, S. K. (2019). Short communication: Occurrence and persistence of Prototheca zopfii in dairy herds of Korea. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(3), 2539-2543. https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(19)30005-0/fulltext
Schoch, L., Ciufo, M., Hotton, C., Kannan, S., Khovanskaya, R., Leipe, R., Mcveigh, R., Robbertse, B., Sharma, S., Soussov, V., Sullivan, J., Sun, L., Turner, S. & Karsch-Mizrachi, I. (2020). NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools. Database (Oxford), (1), baaa062. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7408187/
Shahid, M., Cobo, E. R., Chen, L., Cavalcante, P. A., Barkema, H. W., Gao, J., Xu, S., Liu, Y., Knight, C. G., Kastelic, J. P. & Han, B. (2020). Prototheca zopfii genotipo II induce apoptosis mitocondrial en modelos de mastitis bovina. Representante científico, 10(1), e698. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6971270/
Shave, C. D., Millyard, L. & May, R. (2021). Now for something completely different: Prototheca, pathogenic algae. PLoS Pathog, 17(4), 1-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8016101/pdf/ppat.1009362.pdf
Spanamberg, A., Wünder Jr, E. A., Brayer Pereira, D. I., Argenta, J., Cavallini Sanches, E. M., Valente, P. y Ferreiro, L. (2008). Diversity of yeasts from bovine mastitis in Southern Brazil. Revista iberoamericana de micología, 25(3), 154–156. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18785784/
Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. (2021). MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. Molecular biology and evolution, 38(7), 3022–3027. https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/38/7/3022/6248099
Toyotome, T. & Matsui, S. (2022). Analysis of Prototheca and yeast species isolated from bulk tank milk collected in Tokachi District, Japan. Journal of Dairy Science, 105(10), 8364–8370. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35965121/
Zaror, L., Valenzuela, K. & Kruze, J. (2011). Mastitis bovina por Prototheca zopfii: primer aislamiento en Chile. Archivos de medicina veterinária, 43(2), 173-176. https://www.scielo.cl/pdf/amv/v43n2/art10.pdf
Descargas
Publicado
Versiones
- 11-03-2025 (29)
- 17-12-2024 (28)
- 05-06-2024 (27)
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Cristina Ximena Montalvo Castro, Blanca Mercedes Toro Molina, Stephanie Mishellete Vera Saltos, Edilberto Chacón Marcheco
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
_(Custom).jpg)
